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Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill received numerous honors and awards throughout his career as a statesman and author. Perhaps the highest of these was the state funeral held at St Paul's Cathedral, after his body had lain in state for three days in Westminster Hall,〔Picknett, et al., p. 252.〕 an honor rarely granted to anyone other than a British monarch or consort. The funeral also saw one of the largest assemblages of statesmen in the world. Throughout his life, Churchill also accumulated other honors and awards. He was awarded 37 other orders and medals between 1885 and 1964. Of the orders, decorations and medals Churchill received, 20 were awarded by the United Kingdom, three by France, two each by Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg and Spain, and one each by Egypt, Estonia, Libya, Nepal, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United States. Ten were awarded for active service as an Army officer in Cuba, India, Egypt, South Africa, the United Kingdom, France, and Belgium. The greater number of awards were given in recognition of his service as a minister of the British government.〔(The Orders, Decorations and Medals of Sir Winston Churchill – The Churchill Centre )〕 ==Coat of arms== Churchill was not a peer, never held a title of nobility, and remained a commoner all his life. As the grandson of 7th Duke of Marlborough, he bore the quartered coat of arms of the Spencer and Churchill families. Paul Courtenay observes that "It would be normal in these circumstances for the paternal arms (Spencer) to take precedence over the maternal (Churchill), but because the Marlborough dukedom was senior to the Sunderland earldom, the procedure was reversed in this case."〔Paul Courtenay, The Armorial Bearings of Sir Winston Churchill (The Armorial Bearings of Sir Winston Churchill ) (accessed 20 July 2013).〕 The resulting heraldic achievement is: ''quarterly 1st and 4th, Sable a lion rampant Argent on a canton of the second a cross Gules (Churchill); 2nd and 3rd, quarterly Argent and Gules, in the second and third quarters a fret Or, over all on a bend Sable three escallops of the first (Spencer); in chief, on an escutcheon Argent a cross Gules surmounted by an inescutcheon Azure charged with three fleurs-de-lys Or''.〔 When he became a Knight of the Garter in 1953, his arms were encircled by the belt and motto of the garter, and at the same time the helms were made open, which is the mark of a knight. His motto was that of the Dukes of Marlborough, ''Fiel pero desdichado'' (Spanish for "Faithful but unfortunate").〔Robson, Thomas, ''The British Herald, or Cabinet of Armorial Bearings of the Nobility & Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland'', Volume I, Turner & Marwood, Sunderland, 1830, p. 401 (CHU-CLA).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Honours of Winston Churchill」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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